§ 5. Purpose of zoning districts.

5-100 Each zoning district herein established is provided for a specific purpose and in accordance with a comprehensive plan for the location of various types of uses throughout the city as follows:

5-101 "R-1", Single-Family Dwelling District: This district comprises the preponderant portion of the existing housing development in the City of Grapevine and is considered to be the proper classification for large areas of the undeveloped land remaining in the city, appropriate for single-family use. This district is intended to be composed of single-family, detached dwellings, together with the public schools, churches, and public parks essential to create basic neighborhood units. The single-family districts are not intended to be subject to major alterations by future amendment except where changed conditions might justify such action or where minor adjustments in the boundaries of a district may be appropriate to secure a reasonable development of the land.

5-102 "R-2", Two-Family Dwelling District: Two family or duplex dwellings are a recognized form of housing in the City of Grapevine. Such developments on average size lots in the city do not create excessive population densities. This district provides a low-density dwelling classification, appropriate for smaller dwelling units, and is largely utilized in the previously developed sections of the city. In some of the two-family districts, it is anticipated that some change to more dense apartment or townhouse residences may, from time to time, be appropriate to encourage the redevelopment of desirable forms of housing in the central area of the city.

5-103 "R-3", Multiple-Family Dwelling District: This type district is composed mainly of areas containing mixtures of single-family, two-family and multiple-family dwellings, and certain uniformly developed multiple-family dwelling areas. The districts shown on the zoning district map are of medium density and are located in certain areas close to the center of the city and at various outlying locations near commercial and industrial centers, where they serve as buffers between heavy traffic generators and single-family dwelling areas. The district regulations are designed to protect residential character and to prevent the overcrowding of land in the "R-3" districts, by providing minimum standards for building spacing, yards, off-street parking, and building coverage. It is anticipated that additional high-density or high-rise apartment areas may be designated in the "R-3" District from time to time in the future, where such change is appropriate and adequate access and utility services can reasonably accommodate such high density dwellings.

5-104 "C-1", Neighborhood Business District: This district is intended to promoted limited retail uses near neighborhood dwelling areas, for purposes of supplying day-to-day retail needs of their residents. The "C-1" District should occur most often at limited corner locations at intersections of major thoroughfares in existing developments and is intended for small service areas in new development plans. Off-street parking requirements are defined for business establishments in this district, as are the requirements for lot coverage.

5-105 "C-2", Community Business District: This district permits a much wider variety of commercial uses that are required to service a number of neighborhoods. It is inclusive of the type business enterprises that make up the "strip commercial" areas that have developed along some of the major thoroughfares and highways in the City of Grapevine. Several types of commercial uses are included in the district that are not normally found under prevailing zoning practices elsewhere, because of existing development. Off-street parking regulations are also defined in this district in order to lessen congestion in the streets. It is anticipated that, from time to time, additional "C-2" Community Business Districts will be applied to the district map, where such retail service is required to serve future development.

5-106 "LI", Limited Industrial District: The purpose and objective of this classification and its application is to establish industrial areas of high-operational development and environmental standards. The requirements of this classification are intended to provide standards of intensity of use, standards of external effects, which will minimize traffic congestion, noise, glare, air pollution, fire and safety hazards in contiguous areas to the proposed Dallas-Fort Worth Regional Airport and its related functions and activities. Dwelling units in this district, as the are in the light and heavy industrial districts, are prohibited. Requirements for parking, loading, screening, and signs are provided for in this district.

5-107 "I-1", Light Industrial District: This district permits no new dwelling development, except the permissive units for caretaker, watchmen, and the like. By its nature and name, the district permits those industries and manufacturing plants that are predominantly light in character, have their operations conducted wholly within buildings, are more compatible than heavy manufacturing uses, and do not emit noxious odors, noises, dust, smoke, and vibrations as do the heavy manufacturing processes. As in other commercial and industrial districts, off-street parking and loading facilities are required to lessen congestion in the streets.

5-108 "I-2", Heavy Industrial District: This district is much more liberal in permissive uses of an industrial and manufacturing nature and function and provides for the location of enterprises that tend to emit odors, noises, dust, and vibrations and that are least compatible with other uses. As in the "I-1", Light Manufacturing District, no new dwelling uses will be permitted, other than those that are now present and as needed for caretakers and watchmen. Off-street parking and loading facilities are required to lessen congestion in the streets. The "I-2" districts designated on the district map are located for convenient access to railroad facilities, major thoroughfares and highways that now or will serve the City of Grapevine.

5-109 "MH", Mobile Home Dwelling District: The mobile home or house trailer is recognized as a specific form of housing for which accommodations should be provided. To provide appropriate standards as to density, spacing, and use, a separate district is created and designated for the specific purpose of providing, at appropriate locations, areas for the development of mobile home parks, courts, or subdivisions. In certain commercial and industrial districts, a mobile home development may be provided for by amending the zoning district map where such projects are appropriately approved under a specific use permit. The standards for commercial mobile home development for transient occupancy differ from those of a mobile home subdivision, where more or less permanent occupancy is anticipated.

5-110 "SP", Specific Use Permit District: Certain land uses, because of their nature and location, are not appropriate for categorizing into specific zoning districts. Such uses include, among others, utility installations, colleges and universities, institutions, community facilities, cemeteries, country clubs, show grounds and drive-in theatres. To provide for the proper handling and location of such specific uses, provision is made for amending this ordinance to grant a permit for a specific use in a specific location. Uses for which specific use permits may be granted are shown in the schedule listing in subsection 7-1000. The procedure for approval of a specific use permit includes a public hearing, and the amending ordinance may provide for certain restrictions and standards for operation. The indication that it is possible to grant a specific use permit in the use schedule in section 7, does not constitute a grant of privilege for such use, nor is there any obligation to approve a specific use permit unless it is the finding of the city planning and zoning commission and city council that such a specific use is compatible with adjacent property use and consistent with character of the neighborhood.

5-111 "PD", Planned Development District: In order to provide flexibility in the planning and development of projects with combinations of uses or of specific physical designs such as office centers, combination apartment and retail centers, shopping centers, medical centers with office and housing elements, special industrial parks, housing developments or any similar large-scale developments, a "PD", Planned Development District is provided. This district is intended as an amendment to be applied to the district map under an amendment to the zoning ordinance. Certain maximum and minimum standards are specified for various use categories, and certain provisions such as yards, coverage, and building spacing are to be determined by the particular design. Specific development conditions and schedules can be enforced with respect to a "PD", Planned Development District and failure to adhere to a development schedule can be the basis for removing part or all of a "PD", Planned Development District, from the zoning district map. Besides the purpose of achieving flexibility and variety in the physical pattern of the City of Grapevine, this district should encourage a more efficient use of open space and appropriate use of land. It is included so that cognizance may be taken of the surrounding property and the proper protection of such property be provided for in locating and approving any "PD", Planned Development District.